diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5aee7c4..bd1f3ad 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -18,10 +18,16 @@ Default local DB is SQLite via `config/local_settings.py`. For PostgreSQL, overr
 
 ## API
 
-- Public & staff CRUD: `/api/articles/`, `/api/organizes/`, `/api/subjects/`, `/api/organize-categories/`, `/api/magazine-categories/`, `/api/work-groups/`, `/api/work-group-terms/`, `/api/columns/`, …
-- Auth: `POST /api/auth/login/`, `GET /api/auth/me/`
-- Django admin: `/django-admin/`
-- Search: `GET /api/search/?q=`
+路由按 app 划分前缀（网关再统一挂 `/api`）：
+
+| 前缀 | App | 示例 |
+|------|-----|------|
+| `/api/auth/` | `accounts` | `POST /api/auth/login/`、`GET /api/auth/me/` |
+| `/api/common/` | `common` | `POST /api/common/uploads/` |
+| `/api/content/` | `content` | `/api/content/articles/`、`/api/content/columns/`、… |
+| `/api/cms/` | `cms` | `/api/cms/news/`、`GET /api/cms/search/?q=` |
+
+Django admin: `/django-admin/`
 
 Staff write operations require `Authorization: Token <key>` and `is_staff=True`.
 
diff --git a/apps/__init__.py b/accounts/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/__init__.py
rename to accounts/__init__.py
diff --git a/apps/accounts/admin.py b/accounts/admin.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/accounts/admin.py
rename to accounts/admin.py
diff --git a/apps/accounts/apps.py b/accounts/apps.py
similarity index 86%
rename from apps/accounts/apps.py
rename to accounts/apps.py
index e6b12d5..4667faa 100644
--- a/apps/accounts/apps.py
+++ b/accounts/apps.py
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 class AccountsConfig(AppConfig):
     default_auto_field = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"
-    name = "apps.accounts"
+    name = "accounts"
     label = "accounts"
     verbose_name = "账号"
diff --git a/apps/accounts/__init__.py b/accounts/management/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/accounts/__init__.py
rename to accounts/management/__init__.py
diff --git a/apps/accounts/management/__init__.py b/accounts/management/commands/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/accounts/management/__init__.py
rename to accounts/management/commands/__init__.py
diff --git a/apps/accounts/management/commands/seed_demo.py b/accounts/management/commands/seed_demo.py
similarity index 99%
rename from apps/accounts/management/commands/seed_demo.py
rename to accounts/management/commands/seed_demo.py
index d538096..4db0fae 100644
--- a/apps/accounts/management/commands/seed_demo.py
+++ b/accounts/management/commands/seed_demo.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from decimal import Decimal
 
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 
-from apps.cms.models import (
+from cms.models import (
     AboutInfo,
     ContactUs,
     CopyrightInfo,
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ from apps.cms.models import (
     News,
     Publication,
 )
-from apps.accounts.models import Member
-from apps.content.models import (
+from accounts.models import Member
+from content.models import (
     Article,
     ArticleComment,
     Column,
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
         return created, updated
 
     def _ensure_demo_comments(self):
-        from apps.accounts.serializers import MemberSerializer
+        from accounts.serializers import MemberSerializer
 
         # 国际格式；同时兼容旧的 11 位国内号演示数据
         member = (
diff --git a/apps/accounts/management/commands/sync_nav_columns.py b/accounts/management/commands/sync_nav_columns.py
similarity index 98%
rename from apps/accounts/management/commands/sync_nav_columns.py
rename to accounts/management/commands/sync_nav_columns.py
index 56ea5dd..42590e8 100644
--- a/apps/accounts/management/commands/sync_nav_columns.py
+++ b/accounts/management/commands/sync_nav_columns.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
 
-from apps.content.models import Column, NavPosition
+from content.models import Column, NavPosition
 
 
 # 与 ui/src/config/nav.js 对齐
diff --git a/apps/accounts/migrations/0001_initial.py b/accounts/migrations/0001_initial.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/accounts/migrations/0001_initial.py
rename to accounts/migrations/0001_initial.py
diff --git a/apps/accounts/migrations/__init__.py b/accounts/migrations/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/accounts/migrations/__init__.py
rename to accounts/migrations/__init__.py
diff --git a/apps/accounts/models.py b/accounts/models.py
similarity index 96%
rename from apps/accounts/models.py
rename to accounts/models.py
index 4bf2fea..106ae44 100644
--- a/apps/accounts/models.py
+++ b/accounts/models.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import models
 
-from apps.common.models import SoftDeleteModel
+from common.models import SoftDeleteModel
 
 
 class Member(SoftDeleteModel):
diff --git a/apps/accounts/phone.py b/accounts/phone.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/accounts/phone.py
rename to accounts/phone.py
diff --git a/apps/accounts/serializers.py b/accounts/serializers.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/accounts/serializers.py
rename to accounts/serializers.py
diff --git a/apps/accounts/urls.py b/accounts/urls.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/accounts/urls.py
rename to accounts/urls.py
diff --git a/apps/accounts/views.py b/accounts/views.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/accounts/views.py
rename to accounts/views.py
diff --git a/apps/content/migrations/__init__.py b/apps/content/migrations/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/apps/accounts/management/commands/__init__.py b/cms/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/accounts/management/commands/__init__.py
rename to cms/__init__.py
diff --git a/apps/cms/admin.py b/cms/admin.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/cms/admin.py
rename to cms/admin.py
diff --git a/apps/cms/apps.py b/cms/apps.py
similarity index 88%
rename from apps/cms/apps.py
rename to cms/apps.py
index 6cf3480..cb20f45 100644
--- a/apps/cms/apps.py
+++ b/cms/apps.py
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 class CmsConfig(AppConfig):
     default_auto_field = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"
-    name = "apps.cms"
+    name = "cms"
     label = "cms"
     verbose_name = "站点内容"
diff --git a/apps/cms/migrations/0001_initial.py b/cms/migrations/0001_initial.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/cms/migrations/0001_initial.py
rename to cms/migrations/0001_initial.py
diff --git a/apps/cms/__init__.py b/cms/migrations/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/cms/__init__.py
rename to cms/migrations/__init__.py
diff --git a/apps/cms/models.py b/cms/models.py
similarity index 99%
rename from apps/cms/models.py
rename to cms/models.py
index 0f86613..111d000 100644
--- a/apps/cms/models.py
+++ b/cms/models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from django.db import models
 
-from apps.common.models import SoftDeleteModel
+from common.models import SoftDeleteModel
 
 
 class News(SoftDeleteModel):
diff --git a/apps/cms/serializers.py b/cms/serializers.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/cms/serializers.py
rename to cms/serializers.py
diff --git a/apps/cms/urls.py b/cms/urls.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/cms/urls.py
rename to cms/urls.py
diff --git a/apps/cms/views.py b/cms/views.py
similarity index 97%
rename from apps/cms/views.py
rename to cms/views.py
index 107bee9..4cb1d88 100644
--- a/apps/cms/views.py
+++ b/cms/views.py
@@ -9,13 +9,13 @@ from rest_framework.decorators import action
 from rest_framework.parsers import FormParser, MultiPartParser
 from rest_framework.response import Response
 
-from apps.content.models import Article, Organize, Professor
-from apps.content.serializers import (
+from content.models import Article, Organize, Professor
+from content.serializers import (
     ArticleListSerializer,
     OrganizeListSerializer,
     ProfessorSerializer,
 )
-from apps.content.views import IsAdminOrReadOnly, PublicMixin
+from content.views import IsAdminOrReadOnly, PublicMixin
 
 ALLOWED_IMAGE_EXT = {".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".gif", ".webp", ".svg"}
 MAX_UPLOAD_BYTES = 8 * 1024 * 1024
diff --git a/apps/cms/migrations/__init__.py b/common/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/cms/migrations/__init__.py
rename to common/__init__.py
diff --git a/apps/common/apps.py b/common/apps.py
similarity index 87%
rename from apps/common/apps.py
rename to common/apps.py
index 18d1fa7..f82052b 100644
--- a/apps/common/apps.py
+++ b/common/apps.py
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 class CommonConfig(AppConfig):
     default_auto_field = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"
-    name = "apps.common"
+    name = "common"
     label = "common"
     verbose_name = "公共"
diff --git a/apps/common/models.py b/common/models.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/common/models.py
rename to common/models.py
diff --git a/apps/common/upload.py b/common/upload.py
similarity index 96%
rename from apps/common/upload.py
rename to common/upload.py
index 7d007b1..474b013 100644
--- a/apps/common/upload.py
+++ b/common/upload.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ CATEGORY_RE = re.compile(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{1,32}$")
 
 
 class MediaUploadView(APIView):
-    """POST /api/uploads/  表单字段: file, category(可选), kind=image|file(可选)"""
+    """POST /uploads/  表单字段: file, category(可选), kind=image|file(可选)"""
 
     permission_classes = [permissions.IsAdminUser]
     parser_classes = [MultiPartParser, FormParser]
diff --git a/apps/common/urls.py b/common/urls.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/common/urls.py
rename to common/urls.py
diff --git a/config/settings.py b/config/settings.py
index 2075483..4f48dd8 100644
--- a/config/settings.py
+++ b/config/settings.py
@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ INSTALLED_APPS = [
     "django_extensions",
     "simple_history",
     "corsheaders",
-    "apps.common",
-    "apps.content",
-    "apps.cms",
-    "apps.accounts",
+    "common",
+    "content",
+    "cms",
+    "accounts",
 ]
 
 MIDDLEWARE = [
diff --git a/config/urls.py b/config/urls.py
index 0ca063b..9dfe6b6 100644
--- a/config/urls.py
+++ b/config/urls.py
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ from django.urls import include, path
 
 urlpatterns = [
     path("django-admin/", admin.site.urls),
-    path("api/auth/", include("apps.accounts.urls")),
-    path("api/", include("apps.common.urls")),
-    path("api/", include("apps.content.urls")),
-    path("api/", include("apps.cms.urls")),
+    path("auth/", include("accounts.urls")),
+    path("common/", include("common.urls")),
+    path("content/", include("content.urls")),
+    path("cms/", include("cms.urls")),
 ]
 
 if settings.DEBUG:
diff --git a/apps/common/__init__.py b/content/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/common/__init__.py
rename to content/__init__.py
diff --git a/apps/content/admin.py b/content/admin.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/content/admin.py
rename to content/admin.py
diff --git a/apps/content/apps.py b/content/apps.py
similarity index 87%
rename from apps/content/apps.py
rename to content/apps.py
index 989f7b4..040bd46 100644
--- a/apps/content/apps.py
+++ b/content/apps.py
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 class ContentConfig(AppConfig):
     default_auto_field = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"
-    name = "apps.content"
+    name = "content"
     label = "content"
     verbose_name = "内容"
diff --git a/apps/content/filters.py b/content/filters.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/content/filters.py
rename to content/filters.py
diff --git a/apps/content/migrations/0001_initial.py b/content/migrations/0001_initial.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/content/migrations/0001_initial.py
rename to content/migrations/0001_initial.py
diff --git a/apps/content/migrations/0002_seed_article_types.py b/content/migrations/0002_seed_article_types.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/content/migrations/0002_seed_article_types.py
rename to content/migrations/0002_seed_article_types.py
diff --git a/apps/content/__init__.py b/content/migrations/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/content/__init__.py
rename to content/migrations/__init__.py
diff --git a/apps/content/models.py b/content/models.py
similarity index 99%
rename from apps/content/models.py
rename to content/models.py
index d29f4d1..6e30cf2 100644
--- a/apps/content/models.py
+++ b/content/models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from django.db import models
 
-from apps.common.models import SoftDeleteModel, TimeStampedModel
+from common.models import SoftDeleteModel, TimeStampedModel
 
 
 class NavPosition(models.IntegerChoices):
diff --git a/apps/content/serializers.py b/content/serializers.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/content/serializers.py
rename to content/serializers.py
diff --git a/apps/content/urls.py b/content/urls.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/content/urls.py
rename to content/urls.py
diff --git a/apps/content/views.py b/content/views.py
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/content/views.py
rename to content/views.py