Summary:

### Water Balance

The total water balance of the system is described by the equation:

Δ Wsno + Σ (Δ wliq,i + Δ wice,i) = (qrain + qsno - Eg - qrgwl - qsnwcp,ice) Δt

Where:
- Wsno is the total mass of snow (liquid and ice)
- wliq,i and wice,i are the masses of water phases in soil layer i
- qrain and qsno are the precipitation forcing from the atmosphere
- qsnwcp,ice is the ice runoff associated with snow-capping
- Eg is the ground evaporation
- nlevsoi is the number of hydrologically active soil layers

This equation represents the change in the total mass of snow and soil water over time, based on the inputs from precipitation, outputs from evaporation and runoff, and storage changes in the snow and soil layers.