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## Deforestation Fires in Tropical Closed Forests

The Community Land Model (CLM) focuses on deforestation fires in tropical closed forests, defined as grid cells with tropical tree coverage exceeding 60% according to the FAO classification. Deforestation fires, including escaped deforestation fires (degradation fires), are assumed to occur outside of cropland areas in these grid cells.

The burned area from deforestation fires is controlled by the deforestation rate and climate, as described by the equation:

A_b = b * f_lu * f_cli,d * A_g

Where:
- b is a global constant
- f_lu represents the effect of decreasing fractional tree coverage from land use data
- f_cli,d represents the effect of climate conditions on burned area

The parameters b and f_lu are calibrated based on observations and reanalysis data in the Amazon rainforest. The climate effect f_cli,d is parameterized using precipitation metrics, with thresholds for tropical evergreen (BET) and tropical deciduous (BDT) tree types.

The post-fire area is not limited to land-type conversion regions. In tree-reduced regions, the maximum fire carbon emissions are assumed to be 80% of the total conversion flux. The fire-related fraction of the conversion flux is estimated based on the ratio of burned area to tree-reduced area.