Summary:

2.8 Snow Hydrology

The snow parameterizations in the model are primarily based on Anderson (1976), Jordan (1991), and Dai and Zeng (1997). The snowpack can have up to twelve layers, with the top layer labeled as i=0 and the top layer of a twelve-layer pack as i=-11.

The key state variables for the snow layers are:
- Water mass (w_liq,i)
- Ice mass (w_ice,i) 
- Layer thickness (Δz_i)
- Temperature (T_i)

The model can also represent snow without explicit layers when the snowpack is less than 0.01 m, with the state variable being the total snow mass (W_sno).

The summary covers the following main sections:

1. Snow Covered Area Fraction: Describes the calculation of the fractional snow-covered area, used in albedo and surface flux calculations.

2. Ice Content: Explains the representation of ice content in the snowpack.

3. Water Content: Describes the water content of the snowpack.

4. Black and Organic Carbon and Mineral Dust within Snow: Covers the representation of impurities within the snow, including meltwater flushing.

5. Initialization of Snow Layer: Describes the initialization of a new snow layer.

The article provides technical details on the snow hydrology parameterizations used in the model, drawing from key references in the field.