Summary of the article on Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory:

Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory
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- Describes the relationships between surface vertical kinematic fluxes (of momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat) and the mean profile gradients of wind speed, potential temperature, and specific humidity in the surface layer.
- Introduces the concept of the Monin-Obukhov length scale (L) that accounts for atmospheric stability.
- Provides the universal similarity functions (φ_m, φ_h, φ_w) that relate the constant fluxes to the mean profile gradients.
- Presents the integrated flux-gradient relations for wind, potential temperature, and specific humidity profiles under different stability conditions (very unstable, unstable, stable, very stable).
- Explains the use of the bulk Richardson number (R_iB) to determine the Monin-Obukhov length scale (L) iteratively.
- Defines the aerodynamic resistances (r_am, r_ah, r_aw) for calculating the momentum, sensible heat, and water vapor fluxes between the surface and the atmosphere.
- Includes equations for calculating 2-m screen temperature (T_2m), 2-m specific humidity (q_2m), and 10-m wind speed (u_10m).

Overall, the article details the Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory and its application in the surface layer for estimating turbulent fluxes and atmospheric profiles under different stability conditions.